Sample Material of Online Coaching For SSC CGL (Tier - 2) - Parts of speech /sentence
Sample Material SSC CGL TIER-2 Online Coaching
General English (Chapter: Parts of speech /sentence)
Language is the major means by which we communicate and interact with others.
When we speak or write, we use words. These words are generally used in groups
e.g.: A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
A group of words arrange din a manner which makes a complete sense is called a
Sentence. Based on meaning and sense, the sentence can be classified as :
1. Declarative or assertive
2. Imperative
3. Interrogative
4. Exclamatory
Parts of Speech
Words are classified into different kinds or groups called Parts of Speech according to their use and function in a sentence. They are eight in number-Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection.
Noun
The Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing. The word thing includes (i) all objects that we can see, touch, hear, smell or taste, and (ii) something we can think of but cannot perceive through our senses. There are five different kinds of noun.
They are :
1. Proper Noun
2. Common Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Material Noun
5. Abstract Noun.
Kinds of Noun
The following chart will make you familiar with the different kinds of noun :
Noun Nature of Noun Examples
Proper Noun : It denotes a particular person, place or thing. Chander,
Kolkata, India, the Ganges, the Gita, etc.
Common Noun : It is the name given to any and Table, glass, town, king,
book, river, country, etc. every person or thing of the same class or kind.
Collective Noun : It denotes a group or collection of Army, class, host,
jury, mob, crowd, team, parlia similar individuals or things considered ment,
committee, family, fleet etc. as one complete whole.
Material Noun : It denotes the matter or substance of Wood, clay,
rubber, iron, silver, gold, cloth, etc.
Abstract Noun : It expresses quality, state or action. Truth, love, soul,
mind, greatness, life, poverty, manhood, pleasure, pain, honesty, etc.
Pronoun
The repetition of a noun in a sentence or a set of sentences is really boring. So, Grammar prescribes that instead of repeating the noun, we may use a word (for that noun) called pronoun. This leads us to a precise definition of Pronoun.
The Pronoun is a word that we use instead of a noun.
Many people commit grammatical mistakes because they lack thorough knowledge regarding the use of pronouns.
The following facts can be stated on the basis of the above definition:
(a) A pronoun must itself be something equivalent to a noun.
(b) As a rule, the pronoun should not be mentioned until the noun has been
mentioned.
(c) A pronoun must be of the same number, gender and person as the noun it
stands for.
Pronouns have numerous subclasses. Though there are several features that
pronouns have in common with nouns, yet there are some features which
distinguish them from nouns. They are as follows:
(a) They do not admit determiners;
(b) They often have an objective case;
(c) They often have person distinction;
(d) They often have overt gender contrast;
(e) Singular and plural forms are often not morphologically related.
Kinds of Pronouns
I. Personal Pronouns : A pronoun which is used instead of the name of
a person is known as a Personal Pronoun.
Examples I, my, mine, me, we, our, ours, us.(First Person)
Thou, thine, thy, thee.
You, your, yours. (Second Person)
He, his, him, she, her, hers, it, its,
they, their, theirs, them. (Third Person)
II. Reflexive or Emphatic Pronouns : When self is added to my, your, him,
her, it and selves to our, your, them, we get Compound Personal Pronouns. When
the action done by the subject turns back (reflects) upon the subject, ‘self’ is
added to the pronoun and becomes a Reflexive or Emphatic pronoun.
Examples 1. I hurt myself
2. He hurt himself.
3. They hurt themselves.
III. Demonstrative Pronouns : The pronouns which are used to point out
the objects which they refer to are called Demonstrative Pronouns.
Examples 1. This is a gift from my father.
2. These are merely excuses.
3. Mumbai mangoes are better than those of Bangalore.
4. That is the fort of Allahabad.
IV. Indefinite Pronouns : All pronouns which refer to persons or things in a
general way and do not refer to any particular person or thing are called
Indefinite Pronouns.
Examples 1. Somebody has stolen my watch.
2. Few escaped unhurt.
3. Did you ask anybody to come?
4. Nobody was there to welcome her.
V. Distributive Pronouns: Each, either, neither are called
Distributive Pronouns because they refer to persons or things-one at a time. For
this reason, they are always singular and thus followed by the verb in singular.
Examples
1. Each of these men received a reward.
2. Either of you can go.
3. Neither of the accusations is true.